관계대명사(Relative Pronoun)
Relatives.hwp
Relatives
1 관계대명사의 역할
- 「접속사 + 대명사」의 역할을 한다.
- 형용사절을 이끌어 관계대명사 앞에 있는 선행사를 수식한다.
2. 관계대명사의 종류
|
주 격 |
소유격 |
목적격 |
선행사 |
문중 역할 |
전치사와의 관계 |
|
who |
whose |
whom |
사람 |
형용사절 |
동반한다. |
|
which |
whose, of which |
which |
동물, 사물 |
형용사절 |
동반한다. |
|
that |
× |
that |
사람, 동물, 사물 |
형용사절 |
동반하지 않는다. |
|
what |
× |
what |
사물 (선행사 포함) |
명사절 |
동반하지 않는다. |
3 관계대명사 WHO (who - whose - whom)
1) Who
This is the girl. She is a good typist.
→ This is the girl who is a good typist.
2) Whom
This is the boy. I wanted to see him.
→ This is the boy whom I wanted to see.
3) Whose
A child is called an orphan. His parents are dead.
→ A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
4. 관계대명사 WHICH (which - whose, of which - which)
1) I have a book. It is very interesting.
→ I have a book which is very interesting.
2) This is the dictionary. I bought it yesterday.
→ This is the dictionary which I bought yesterday.
3) 소유격으로 쓰일 때.
This is the word. I don't know the meaning of it.
→ This is the word which I don't know the meaning of.
4) which가 구, 절, 형용사를 선행사로 받을 때.
『접속사(and, but, for, though) + 대명사』의 형태로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
He wanted to come, which was impossible. (= but it)
5. 관계대명사 THAT (that - × - that)
1) 관계대명사 that
- that은 한정용법에만 쓰이고, 계속적 용법에서는 쓸 수 없다.
- that은 사물, 사람, 동물에 모두 쓰이며 소유격이 없다.
- that 앞에는 전치사를 쓸 수 없다.
- that은 who, whom, which 등을 대신해서 쓸 수 있다.
*. 선행사에 최상급 형용사, 서수사, the very, the only, the last, the same, every, all, any, no 등이 포함되어 있을 때.
He is the greatest poet that korea has ever produced.
2) 기타 That의 용법
① 지시대명사 (저것)
The climate of Korea is milder than that of China.
② 지시형용사 :『that + 명사』의 형태로 that이 다음에 오는 명사를 수식
Give me that chair.
from that hour
at that time
③ 지시부사 : 수량, 정도를 나타내는 형용사나 부사를 수식하면서『그만큼, 그렇게』의 뜻으로 사용되는 경우
Don't eat that much.
④ 접속사 : that 다음의 문장이 완전한 경우에는 that이 접속사로 쓰인 경우이다.
That he is innocent is certain.
= It is certain that he is innocent.
⑤ It ∼ that 강조구문.
I bought the book on Monday.
= It was on Monday that I bought the book.
⑥ 관계대명사로 쓰일 때.
He is the greatest actor that has ever lived.
⑦ 관계부사의 대용 : that이 관계부사 when, where, why, how 등의 대용으로 쓰임.
This is the last time that(when) I teach you.
This is the village that(where) the poet was born.
6. 관계대명사 WHAT = 선행사 + 관계대명사
1) 관계대명사 What
- what = 선행사 + 관계대명사
- what은 that which∼, all that∼, anything that∼, the thing(s) which∼, those which∼
What(= that which) is beautiful is not always good.
I will do what(= all that) I can.
What I say is always quite true.
There is some truth in what he says.
What is important is not what he has but what he is. (What one has : 재산, What one is : 인격)
2) what을 포함하는 관용적 표현
① what one is : (상태의) 인물, (인격적) 인물)
You should judge a man not by what he hasbut by what he is.
② what is(are) called = what you(we, they) call : 소위, 말하자면
He is, what we call, a self-made man. (그는 소위 자수성가한 사람이다.)
7. 관계대명사의 생략
1) 관계대명사가 동사나 전치사의 목적어 일 때. (목적격 관계대명사는 생략가능)
This is the boy (whom = that) we saw yesterday. (동사의 목적어 : 생략 가능)
This is the house in which he lives.
This is the house (which) he lives in.
He has no friend (whom) he can depend upon.
2) 주격보어, 목적격보어로 쓰일 때
He is not the man (which or that) he was two years ago.
She is not the girl (that) she was.
I am not the fool (that) you think me (to be).
8. 관계대명사의 제한적 용법과 계속적 용법
He had three sons, who became statesmen. (who = and they)
He had three sons who became statesmen.
He had four sons who became doctors.
He had four sons, who became doctors.
I will wear no clothes which will distinguish me from my fellowmen.
I will wear no clothes, which will distinguish me from my fellowmen. (, which = and it)
9. 복합 관계대명사 : 관계사 + -ever (whoever, whomever...)
1) 명사적 용법
Give it to whoever wants it. (= anyone who : wants의 주어)
Give it to whomever you like. (= anyone whom : like의 목적어)
Choose whichever you like. (= anything that)
2) 형용사적 용법. (→ 복합 관계형용사)
You may read whatever book you like.(= any book that)
Take whichever book you like. (= any of the books that)
Whosever horse comes in first wins the prize. (= anyone whose)
★ whosever는 거의 쓰이지 않고 anyone whose가 쓰인다.
3) 부사적 용법.
Whatever you may do, do it well. (= No matter what)
Whichever you choose, you will be pleased. (= No matter which)
However eloquently a dog may bark, he can not tell you that his parents were poor but honest. (= No matter how)
11. 관계 형용사
He spoke to me in French, which language I could not understand.
I will approve whichever(or whatever) course you decide on.(복합관계형용사)
12. 의사 관계 대명사(Quasi Relative Pronoun): as, but, than
1) 관계대명사 as
Choose such friends as will benefit you.
He is not such a man as I expected.
He is absent, as is often the case.
He is American, as I knew from his accent.
The book is written in such easy English that I can read.
2) But의 용법 (but = that ∼ not)
There is no rule but has some exceptions.
= There is no rule that has not some exceptions.
There is no one but knows him.
= There is no one that does not know him.
★ 기타 but의 용법
① 전치사로 쓰이는 경우.
All but him were drowned.
Nobody but me attended the meeting.
Nobody know (but God). = only God knows. = No one knows.
② 부사로 쓰이는 경우.
- only(단지, 오로지, 불과)의 뜻으로 쓰이며, but을 생략해도 문장이 성립한다.
He is but a child.
It is but a question of money.